Introduction to SQL
SQL stands for Structured Query Language and is used for managing relational databases. SQL allows users to create, update, delete, and retrieve data from databases. SQL is used in many different industries such as finance, healthcare, and e-commerce.
History of SQL
SQL was developed in the 1970s by IBM researchers Donald Chamberlin and Raymond Boyce. The language was originally called SEQUEL (Structured English QUEry Language) but was later changed to SQL (pronounced "sequel") for legal reasons.
In the early days of relational databases, SQL was used mainly as a data retrieval language, allowing users to extract data from databases. However, as databases became more complex and powerful, SQL grew in functionality and became a full-fledged programming language for managing relational databases.
In the 1980s and 1990s, SQL became the de facto standard for managing relational databases, and many different database management systems began to support the language. Today, SQL is used in a wide range of applications and industries, and is supported by many different database management systems, including Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, and PostgreSQL, among others.
SQL has continued to evolve and grow over the years, with new features and functionality being added to the language on a regular basis. Despite its age, SQL remains one of the most widely used and important programming languages in the world of data management and analysis.
SQL Commands
Here are some basic SQL commands:
SELECT - retrieves data from a database
INSERT - adds data to a database
UPDATE - modifies data in a database
DELETE - removes data from a database
CREATE - creates a new database object such as a table or index
DROP - deletes a database object such as a table or index
SQL also allows for the use of clauses and functions to filter and manipulate data. Some examples include:
WHERE - filters data based on a condition
ORDER BY - sorts data in ascending or descending order
GROUP BY - groups data by a specified column
COUNT - counts the number of rows in a table
SUM - calculates the sum of values in a column
SQL is a powerful tool for managing and analyzing data, and is widely used in the field of data analytics and business intelligence.
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